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!!Test of authorship and Contributor roles in multiple-author submissions
[authorship.jpg|550|249]

!!!AUTHORSHIP
Everyone listed as an author should meet our criteria for authorship.
Everyone who meets our criteria for authorship must be listed as an author.

**Definition**
Authorship is not a clearly defined concept. To be an “author” one must have responsibility for a particular aspect (that is not minimal) of the research or preparation of the work, that is, must have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study, and must have approved the final form of the work. Fundamentally, an author must be prepared and have the ability and responsibility to publicly defend the work.

**Test of authorship**
Editors use the following standard as a test for authorship:
 All authors of a paper have the ability and responsibility to publicly defend that paper.

**Contribution vs. Acknowledgement**
A trivial contribution would not be sufficient to confer the status of author. Lesser contributions to a work can be recognized by clearly crediting such person as a “contributor,” rather than an “author.”

[http://esnbu.org/data/files/resources/Authorship.pdf|Read more about authorship and the Corresponding author responsibilities]

!!!CONTRIBUTOR ROLES IN MULTIPLE-AUTHOR SUBMISSIONS
English Studies at NBU (ESNBU) uses CASRAI's CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy), a high-level taxonomy including 14 roles that can be used to represent the roles typically played by contributors to scientific scholarly output. The roles describe each contributor’s specific contribution to the scholarly output.

The roles given in the taxonomy include, but are not limited to, traditional authorship roles. The roles are not intended to define what constitutes authorship, but instead to capture all the work that allows scholarly publications to be produced.

[http://esnbu.org/data/files/resources/ContributorRoles.pdf|Read the Taxonomy as used by ESNBU]

See how we used the CRediT taxonomy to acknowledge the three authors' contributions - Iulia Bobăilă, Manuela Mihăescu and Alina Pelea - in their paper [http://esnbu.org/data/files/2018/2018-2-1-bobaila-et-al-p86-100.pdf|The graduation paper in Translation Studies: Nuances of critical thinking] published in Vol4, Issue 2, 2018.

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